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url: /guide/sharding/mod-cycle.md
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# Modulo Sharding Algorithm

* Algorithm complexity: O(1)
* Performance: Compared to `org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.mod.ModShardingAlgorithm`, performance is *1200~4000* times higher. And stability is higher, no serious performance degradation occurs.

| **PreciseShardingValue**                                                                                      | **RangeShardingValue**                                                                                      |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  |  |

## Range Sharding Semantics

* Range (`Range`) queries resolve nodes by span: a span covering at least the divisor returns all nodes. In particular, "unbounded" queries expressed as `Range.closed(0, Long.MAX_VALUE)` route to all nodes correctly (since v3.2.1, large spans are no longer affected by int overflow).
* Sharding values must be non-negative integers (snowflake and segment IDs are non-negative); negative sharding values are not supported.